Advertisement gone too far Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Notice gone excessively far - Essay Example Numerous little youngsters are contrarily influenced by the expanded sexualisation and generalization of ladies a factor that makes them attempt to copy the models that show up in promotions. Numerous organizations have depended on exceptionally sexualised ads to advance their items. For instance, the American Apparel has a long history of sexualizing ladies in their ads. This paper will complete a basic investigation of how ladies have been sexualized and generalized and how the American Apparel famously spoke to sexualized ladies as they advanced their items. The globe has seen a whole century of ladies delineated in the commercial. The primary delineation of a lady in the ad was in 1912 during the testimonial development. During that time, numerous ladies activists pushed for their privileges to cast a ballot. Advertisers and sponsors tried to utilize the crusades for their potential benefit. Along these lines, they portrayed ladies in the advancement of the Nebo cigarettes. The ads focused on men who were usually appalled or outraged by the â€Å"sass† of a suffragette. A similar ad was likewise speaking to ladies who needed to enjoy smoking just because. In this manner, the ad upheld the push for ladies to have equivalent rights. In 1923, Listerine propelled a notice that included a model named Edna. In its offer to advance the mouthwash, the commercial underscored that all ladies needed to get hitched. In any case, factors, factors, for example, terrible breath kept them from turning into the lady of the hour. In 1925, ladies a dvanced the fortunate cigarettes. Eminently, smoking was still seen as a propensity for people who smoked were seen adversely (Yan, Ogle, and Hyllegard 2010, p. 213). In any case, the Lucky Company concentrated on creating cigarettes that explicitly focused on ladies. 1936 denoted the development of the primary naked lady in a notice for the Woodbury Soap. The Woodbury advert denoted a fresh start that would see to an ever increasing extent

Pas vs Euthanasia Free Essays

string(170) with regards to clinical difficulties, blunders, carelessness, or intentional slaughtering have been exhibited by the legitimate and expert acknowledgment of specific cases. Each person has the ability to settle on choices over a mind-blowing span. Individuals settle on decisions consistently, and the control individuals have over their own lives that permits them to do as such. This capacity to have choices and have the option to settle on choices ought not stop to exist as a patient methodologies the finish of life. We will compose a custom paper test on Pas versus Euthanasia or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Individuals reserve the privilege to accept emphatically in close to home self-rule and have the assurance to control the finish of their lives as wished (DeSpelder 238). Close to the finish of life, individuals should in any case be allowed to decide, so as to permit them some type of control in a real existence. The choice for Physician Assisted Suicide considers those, who are moving toward death, to take their lives without losing any poise. Doctor Assisted Suicide is the point at which a doctor purposefully helps an individual in submitting their own self destruction by giving medications to self organization at an intentional and skilled solicitation (Oliver 2006). With Physician Assisted Suicide, the doctor furnishes the patient with a medicine for a deadly portion of drug, and advising on the dosages and the techniques the patient must finish to finish the demonstration (Sanders 2007). The doctor might be available while the patient self-regulates the prescription, in spite of the fact that this isn't legitimately required. Likewise, the doctor, or some other individual, can't help the patient in regulating the drug (Darr 2007). Doctor Assisted Suicide ought not be mistaken for Euthanasia. In the act of Physician Assisted Suicide, the patient makes the last organization of the deadly prescription. Most definitely, it is a purposeful activity finished with the expectation to rush or cause the passing of an individual (Sanders 2007). Doctor Assisted Suicide is just lawful in the territory of Oregon, while Euthanasia is illicit over the United States. Despite the fact that Euthanasia is unlawful, it was performed calmly by a doctor by the name of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian would regularly begin an IV running saline, and permit the patient to then start the progression of barbituates and potassium chloride which would bring about death (Darr 2007). Subsequent to having aided the passings of about 130 individuals through the span of ten years, Dr. Kevorkian was seen as liable of having given a man a deadly infusion which caused the man’s demise, and Dr. Kevorkian was condemned to jail. Albeit some may see Dr. Kevorkian’s fill in as off-base and shameless, others bolster him and his image as the open discussion on moral and lawful issues encompassing Physician Assisted Suicide (DeSpelder 238). There are a wide range of types or types of Euthanasia. These kinds of Euthanasia are: uninvolved willful extermination, dynamic killing, dynamic deliberate killing, and dynamic automatic killing. Uninvolved willful extermination is the event of a characteristic demise through the end of life-bolster hardware or the discontinuance of life-supporting clinical methodology. Dynamic willful extermination is a conscious activity to end the life of a person. Willful dynamic killing is the intercession of deadly infusion to end the life of an intellectually skilled, enduring person who has mentioned to have their life put to an end. The last type of Euthanasia is dynamic intentional killing in which a doctor has mediated in such a manner to cause the patient’s passing, however without the assent from the patient (Scherer 13). One may wish to encounter Euthanasia to end their life for some reasons. Numerous patients wish for control and impact over the way and timing of their own demise. The individual in question may likewise wish to keep up their respect and wish to have alleviation of serious torment that might be brought about by a terminal disease. Different considerations that may influence the decision for Euthanasia include needing to keep away from the potential for maltreatment from their primary care physician, family, medicinal services protection, and society (Scherer vii). Then again, a patient may wish to seek after Physician Assisted Suicide, or a rushed passing, due to an ailment related encounter, for example, anguishing indications, utilitarian misfortunes, and the impacts of agony prescriptions on their body. The patient may likewise feel that the puzzle of death is a danger to their feeling of self, and wish for a type of command over the issue. Additionally, patients may fear for the future undoubtedly. A pessimistic past involvement in death, and the dread of turning into a weight on amily and companions, can incredibly impact a person’s decision to look for Physician Assisted Suicide. As the finish of life is drawn nearer, care can turn out to be significantly more included, putting strain on the individuals who are answerable for thinking about the withering (Quill 93). In thinking about the critically ill and those close to death, certain meds might be recommended to lessen torment and a patient’s involvement in misery. When r egulating such prescriptions trying to control side effects, a doctor or medical attendant may incidentally cause a person’s demise. This event is known as ‘double effect’ (Oliver 2006). The regulation of twofold impact expresses that ‘a destructive impact of treatment, regardless of whether it brings about death, is allowable if the damage isn't planned and happens as a symptom of a valuable action’ (DeSpelder 238). Since the dose of meds may should be acclimated to alleviate torment at explicit times of end-of-life, almost certainly, respiratory trouble may happen soon a short time later, prompting passing. This has gotten known as ‘terminal sedation’, yet the Supreme Court has decided that such occurrences don't represent Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide in light of the fact that the principle aim was to calm agony (DeSpelder 239). It might show up now and again as if the law and clinical calling hold solid perspectives that restrict helping passing, yet from numerous points of view, they have likewise demonstrated that in specific situations, rushing demise can be advocated. Hurrying passing through mediations which don't occur with regards to clinical complexities, blunders, carelessness, or conscious slaughtering have been shown by the lawful and expert acknowledgment of specific cases. You read Pas versus Euthanasia in classification Papers Both the law and clinical calling take into account the privilege of an able grown-up to decline any sort of treatment, including one which may spare their life. Specialists are given the option to pull back or retain any medications that the person in question sees as worthless or not in the patient’s wellbeing; this incorporates life sparing and life dragging out medicines. As referenced already, Doctors are legitimately additionally given the option to utilize their attentiveness in overseeing high-portion sedatives with regards to palliative consideration (Sanders 2007). In taking a gander at such situations, it is hard to comprehend why Physician Assisted Suicide is illicit in regardless of states from Oregon, yet comparative systems and activities, that end in a similar result, are legitimate in all states. The main state wherein Physician Assisted Suicide is lawful is the province of Oregon. Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act in 1997 which permitted the in critical condition to take their lives intentionally through the self organization of deadly meds, recommended by a doctor, for this careful reason (Death). Any doctors, who are against helping somebody in consummation their life, may decline to endorse the deadly prescriptions, however each is given the capacity and decision to take an interest (DeSpelder 237). In spite of the fact that Oregon is the main state where Physician Assisted Suicide is lawful, California, Vermont and Washington all would like to follow in Oregon’s strides in legitimizing this training (Ball 2006). Since Physician Assisted Suicide is lawful in the territory of Oregon, it might be expected that an excessive number of individuals will exploit such an utility and, that it has potential for misuse (Quill 6). This isn't really obvious. In Oregon, a normal of 50 individuals exploit Physician Assisted Suicide every year; yet a lot more than this really get the deadly meds and decide not to utilize them (Oliver 2006). Maybe it is the inclination of having these prescriptions to swear by that gives individuals comfort. Individuals who get a medicine from their doctors for these deadly drugs realize that on the off chance that they ever arrive at where they feel as though they can't live any more, they don't need to. Some different realities about patients who decide to finish Physician Assisted Suicide are that most of the individuals who took the deadly meds were bound to be separated or never wedded instead of wedded or bereaved, had levels of training higher than general instruction, and had either HIV and AIDS or dangerous neoplasms (Darr 2007). In spite of the fact that Physician Assisted Suicide was made lawful in Oregon, there have been numerous occasions where the United States Supreme Court has endeavored to give Physician Assisted Suicide a terrible picture. In 1997, the Supreme Court contrasted two cases related with Physician Assisted Suicide. The cases were Washington versus Glucksberg, and Vacco versus Plume. In the correlation of these two cases, the Supreme Court took a gander at retaining and pulling back medicines against Physician Assisted Suicide. The Court reasoned that ‘the option to deny treatment depended on the option to keep up one’s substantial trustworthiness, not on an option to hurry death’ however when medicines are pulled back or retained, ‘the goal is to respect the patient’s wishes, not cause passing, not at all like PAS where the patient is â€Å"killed† by the deadly medication’ (DeSp

100 Years of Women in the Book World Being Kickass

100 Years of Women in the Book World Being Kickass The WNBA. An underrated basketball organization, you think. Yes. BUT ALSO the Women’s National Book Association, celebrating its 100th anniversary this month. Yes, founded in 1917 â€" in the midst of WWI and three years before women’s suffrage was nationally ratified â€" the WNBA was created in the belief “that books have power and that those involved in their creation gain strength from joining forces” and exists to “connect, educate, advocate and lead in the literary community.” In a move strikingly reminiscent of the organizations we have cropping up all over right now, the WNBA was founded in the midst of a social justice movement. The New York City suffrage parade of 1917 galvanized a group of women who wanted to be represented in their industry. They were shut out of membership in the American Booksellers Association and the Booksellers League, so those 15 women booksellers got together and created something from nothing. If you’re wondering how something like this 100-year-old organization can get started, one of the founders in a 1918 interview said: “[I]t was while everyone was planning for the big suffrage parade last year that I discovered how unorganized were the women in the book-selling profession. I wanted to march in a group with members of my profession, but I discovered that there was no such organization. This discovery set some of us to thinking and planning, and out of this planning came the Women’s National Book Association.” They then “created the national association, elected officers, and mapped out a busy year’s work.” The bimonthly meetings they had were noted down in shorthand, transcribed, and sent to every member in order to make it a truly national organization, rather than a series of siloed chapters. As an example of what women were facing, popular essayist and bibliophile Eugene Field wrote a poem in his book The Love Affairs of a Bibliomaniac, which begins speaking of a lack of women in “that part of paradise especially reserved for book-lovers”: The women-folk are few up there,  For t were not fair, you know,  That they our heavenly bliss should share  Who vex us here below! He continues with “It has never been explained to my satisfaction why women, as a class, are the enemies of books, and are particularly hostile to bibliomania.” Maybe they were just an enemy of you, Eugene Field. The WNBA has carried on its legacy through its national chapters, publication The Bookwoman, and their recent book Women in the Literary Landscape. May they go on for another hundred years.

Personality Profile And Pearson Assessment Results Essay

â€Å"Personality is the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others† (Robbins Judge 2009). We are all born with different personalities that are unique. The qualities that make up one’s personality are specific to their life’s purpose. It is our job as humans to identify how to best use our personalities for the greater good and make a difference. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, my personality was determined to be ENFP. As an ENFP, I thrive when I am around people and making a difference in their lives. In this paper, I will discuss how my personality profile and Pearson Assessment results real to one another and how they play major roles. Specifically discussing my values and motivations it the work place, how I work with others, and life in organizations. Everything we do is for the greater food for our purpose in life. In the final section of this paper, I describe how God has helped realize and me shape my weaknesses into strengths and keep my strengths at bay in key moments. Prentice Hall Self-Assessment Online Library Due to the nature of my job I need to be cerebral with how I present myself and talk with colleagues and superiors. I have never given must thought as to how one’s personality can affect others either negatively or positively. Self-reflection allows us to analyze our current selves and improve for the better. For this assignment, I have been tasked with taking a series of assessments, gathering information andShow MoreRelatedThe Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III Test1341 Words   |  6 Pageshave selected the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III test. The Millon Clinical Multiaxical Inventory (3rded: MCMI-III) is a widely used psychological assessment of clinical and personality disorders (Grove, W. M., 2009). This test, now on its 3rd edition, has embodied several innovative ideas in personality and psychopathology assessment (Grove, 2003). Moving in-between the 3rd and 4th editions was a once in a lifetime opportunity and amazing learning experience. Through anal ysis of the MCMI-IIIRead MoreMillon Clinical Inventory Assessment890 Words   |  4 Pages Pearson Assessments first published the Millon Clinical Inventory Assessment (MACI) in 1993. The major author of this publication is Theodore Millon, PhD, DSc, who obtained his PhD from the University of Connecticut in 1954 (Millon). The MACI is a self-reporting, 160 item inventory, which assesses personality styles, significant problems or concerns, and clinical symptoms in adolescents (Millon). This includes sexual discomfort, substance abuse proneness, suicidal tendency, and eating dysfunctionsRead MoreEvaluating The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)1706 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Self-report has always been one the easiest ways to gain insight of a person’s personality. These test can range from quizzes filled out online that tell you which pop star is your personality twin to standardized tests requiring a certified test user. Some of the most popular and highly researched tests have been the MMPI and its successors. The MMPI, created by Stark R. Hathaway and John Charneley McKinley, was the first step towards the MMPI-2-RF. The MMPI was firstly created toRead MoreAssessment Tools Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: ASSESSMENT TOOLS 1 Assessment Tools Paper Liberty University EDUC 307 June 1, 2016 Abstract The beauty in teaching is watching the brains of your scholars grow with knowledge. 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I believe the evaluation offered an accurate assessment of my strengthsRead MoreAssessment and Diagnosis Essay examples915 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment and Diagnosis The purpose of this paper is to provide a synopsis of the importance of assessment and diagnosis in the counseling process. In the first two sections, the roles of assessment and diagnosis as they relate to case conceptualization and treatment planning will be explored. The potential implications of misdiagnosis will be the focus of the final section. 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The trait theory of personality is one that attempts to explain personality by identifying patterns of behavior that include relatively stable characteristics which in turn causes individuals to consistently behave in particular ways (Funder, 2015). While personality may change due to different situations or states, the trait theory proposes that overall perso nality characteristicsRead More2 Behavioral And Emotional Screening System Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesBASC – 2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System - BASC-2 BESS (2007) is a mental health screener used to assess behavioral, emotional strength and weaknesses in children and adolescents, ages 3-18. The assessment was developed by Randy Kamphaus and Cecil R. Reynolds (2007); Published by Pearson, Cost: $60. The test is designed to provide a triangulated view of a child’s behavioral, emotional functioning, adaptive and maladaptive skills by using a cross informant strategy (BASC-2 BESC; Reynolds Read MoreThe Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory IIi1875 Words   |  8 Pagesthe assessment along with the MCMI and the MCMI-II editions were developed by Theodore Millon, his daughter C. Millon and colleagues R. Davis and S. Grossman. However, the first edition (the MCMI) was developed in the late 1970s as it used the criteria on different disorders from the Diagnosti c and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). Since then, two other editions have been published by NCS Pearson Inc., one in 1987 which used the DSM-R, and the current edition of the assessment, the

Essay Romans and Barbarians Dbq - 716 Words

Romans and Barbarians DBQ According to the Romans nomads were considered to be barbarians, however over time Romans began to develop nomadic customs which were no longer considered barbaric but civilized. To the Romans a ‘barbarian’ was anyone who was an outsider of their land, and in that case nomads were considered to be barbaric. Nomads are known as a small group of people that don’t have a permanent settlement, and travel and migrate from place to place. Nomadic people also had a different type of lifestyle from the Romans, for example the nomads hunted and gathered their food, and which was considered cave man like. Before the fall of Rome the Romans were considered to be civilized people with a respectable religion and†¦show more content†¦She also begins to go on and says, â€Å".. and massacre everyone you conquer.† According to these statements I would consider these actions to be barbaric based on the fact that it sounds more like a surprise attack for war. I say this because they use the word ‘conquer’ like they are going to go over there, kill everyone and everything, and take over without any reason. Based on what I’ve read I don’t believe that there is an honest yes or no answer to the question, â€Å"Can these nomads be called barbarians?† According to Salvian, a Christian priest, he says, â€Å".. almost all barbarians, at least those who are of one race and kin, love each other, while the Romans persecute each other.† However, many of these reads go into detail about the nomadic people never sparing the people of which they conquered or went to war with, and killing them all off one by one. As for the change over time; there was one. After the fall of Rome when the nomadic people took over around 476 CE they kept the same Roman customs, but began introducing nomadic ways of life that, over time, turned out to not be barbaric at all. Over the course of many years you will see the Romans perspective of the nomads and their culture began to change over the course of many years, and after the Fall of Rome. In the beginning the nomadic people were not given a good name due to the way they did things and theirShow MoreRelatedDBQ Barbarian Invasions1902 Words   |  8 PagesKelly Mr. Waterman DBQ – Barbarian Invasions Introduction: Much of the Roman frontier followed the natural boundaries of the Rhine and Danube rivers across Europe. On the other side of these rivers were territories the Romans never brought under their control and tribal peoples such as the Goths, Franks, Vandals, and Huns. By the middle of the fourth century CE, many Roman governors had allowed these so-called â€Å"barbarians† to settle on the Roman side of the rivers, and Roman generals had even recruitedRead MoreDBQ essay1481 Words   |  6 Pages Silk Road DBQ    The Silk Road in World History (Suggested writing time – 40 minutes) You should spend at least 10 minutes reading, analyzing, and grouping the sources.    Directions:  The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1-6. (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.) Write your answer on the lined pages of the Section II free-response booklet. This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write anRead MoreHistory 9th Grade2275 Words   |  10 Pageschurch) They split because of conflict involving icons Barbarians came and destroyed it Famous for architecture 1Assertion 3evidence 3commentary. A thesis is a broad statement that can be expanded on. Thesis statement-Yes the barbarians are barbaric because political,social,and cultural. The mongols deserve their title as barbarians because political,social,and cultural. The Mongols deserve their title as barbarians because in document B it states that they expected children

Effect of Culture in International Business Free Essays

Culture is an important part of International Business. Culture is defining the collection of values, beliefs, behaviours, customs and attitudes of the member in the society. Culture is the behaviour that people act in the community. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Culture in International Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now The characteristic of culture is also reflects learned behaviour that is transmitted from one member to another in society. There are also basic elements cultures such as social structure, language and religious. So the foreigner who wants to operate the business at the overseas market have to understand the culture at the local market to become successful. In this report also compare between the similarities of culture between two countries such as Thailand-Malaysia and different in culture between China and United States. The term ‘Culture’ can be can be defined in more than 160 ways. According to (Terpstra and David 1985) they proposed the meaning of culture in international Management context based on Hostede’s definition is refers to the group of people in the society of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects. Culture is symbolic communication. Some of its symbols include a group’s skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives. The meanings of the symbols are learned and deliberately from the generation to generation. Culture is also the collective programming of communication for people in the community to understand such as language and behaviour and also to make the connection by communication with other community. Culture is one of the important parts of International business undertaking Importing and Exporting in foreign markets. So the organisation that operating international have to understand the differences in values and ethical behaviour for the organisation to work efficient in the international markets. Many organisations lost the opportunities due to the lack of understanding of international markets. Characteristics of Culture Culture is the set of values, attitudes, beliefs, behaviour. The society culture are describes the behaviour and rules which determine the way of how the organisation operate in the community. Culture is also reflects learned behaviour that is transmitted from one member to another in society. Culture is also the adaptive because the effect from the external environment such as multinational international business, technology and tourism. Also the improvement of communication such as mobile phone and internet with the low cost which allow people and organisations developed greater cross cultural exchange between the organisations. The basic elements of Culture in international business are: †¢ Social Structure †¢ Language †¢ Religion The Social structure is the culture’s beliefs about the role in community. The organisation’s predominately how to work with each other in the organisation. Social attitude is reflected in the importance of how to work together in the organisations. Language Language is a primary cultural in the society because it is very important for society’s members to communicate between members. There are over 3,000 languages and as many as 10,000 in worldwide. Religion is also the important part of society. Religion influences the attitudes members in the community towards work, investment, consumption and responsibility. For example: Thailand Languages in Thailand The Thai language is the main language in Thailand also there is several regional languages spoke as well. Other languages spoken in Thailand are Chinese, Lao, Malay and Mon-Khmer, while English is later becoming more predominate in commerce of international. I Thailand, English is also now becoming the second language in secondary school and universities. Thai Society Culture Hierarchical Society . Thailand organisation is respect hierarchical relationships. . Social relationships are defined as person is the leader being superior and make the decision for the other members in the organisation. . Management teams are superior to employees, alder employees to the younger employees, and bosses to their subordinates. . When Thai organisation meeting the outsider, they will immediately try to place outsider within a hierarchy so they know how the outsider should be treated. . This is often done by asking what might be seen as very personal questions in other cultures. . Status can be determined by clothing and general appearance, age, job, education, family name, and social connections. Etiquette Customs in Thailand Meeting In business . The ‘wai’ is the traditional form of greeting, given by the person of lower status to the person of higher status. So in the business is normally visitor will be greeding before the host. . Thais generally use first rather than surnames, with the honorific title Khun before the name. This is the very appropriate polite way and very good start to do the business. Relationships Communication †¢ Thai people prefer to do the business with the people whom they respect. †¢ The Thai people also very concern about trust. So it’ll require the foreigner who wants to do the business in Thailand have to follow the way of Thai culture and do not rushing to do the business. †¢ Always be respectful to each other when dealing the business with the others as it can leads to smoothly relationship in doing the business. . Thai communication is formal and non-verbal communication is often more important than verbal communication. . Rank is always been respectful. The eldest person in the organisation will be the most respectful from the other members in the organisation. . It is difficult for most Thais to say no, so you must be cognizant of their non- verbal communication. . Also body language is also important to do the business in Thailand. Because body language can telling about how professional the outsider are. Face The concept of saving face is important in Thai society. So to do business in Thailand, Thai people will do anything to prevent loss of face. For example, normally to avoiding confrontation and rather choosing to tell others what they want to hear rather than dealing immediately. So to Criticising someone in public and breaking the promises are various ways that unpermitted in Thailand. Thailand is a fascinating and very complex country, because Thailand has history of religious for century’s philosophy, immigrant know-how and wisdom coming from foreign trade and commerce. Due to the culture complexity, which make it very hard to understand from the foreigner to doing business in Thailand. The international business might loss their opportunities to operate the manufacture in Thailand because lack of knowledge about local culture. The answer to the question whether cultural similarities would lead to greater trade among countries is both yes and no. Logically, cultural similarities will make trade easier for each other because of the mutual understanding between both countries. But that’s not often case for all countries. Similarities in culture sometimes would lead to copyright and property claims. This is why there are two answers for the question. Examples will be given to support each answer respectively. Malaysia and Indonesia is example of countries that share an identical culture amongst each other. Both countries are located geographically in the South East Asia region. Both of these countries are often called siblings due to its size. The Malay language is an Austronesian language spoken not only by Malaysians but all Malay people who reside in the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand, the Philippines and Singapore. It is also very similar to Indonesian, known locally as Bahasa Indonesia. Other than having an almost identical language, there are other cultures such as uniforms and traditional music instrument that are also similar. Sharing almost identical and similar cultures don’t usually work well for both of this country. In recent years, disputes and misunderstanding occur on problems such as claims of traditional copyright and territory claim has marked a black patch on the relationship of both countries. According to (Schonhardt, 2009) Similarities in culture, language and religious customs should make Indonesia and Malaysia good neighbors. But long-running spats over everything from territorial boundaries to cultural ownership of culinary dishes, dances, instruments and even Malaysia’s national anthem have over the years hampered ties. This directly effects not only trades between the two countries but also gives a pessimistic view for foreign investors who are planning to invest heavily in both countries. Things aren’t always sour for both of the countries. Having a similar culture also helped both of the country in trading and making business with each other much more easier. For example, the number of imported maids from Indonesia to Malaysia is increasing by day. Indonesian maids find it easier to adapt to Malaysian culture, as it is not much of a difference with the culture back at home. Culture in this sense includes language, food and environment. It is reported that in the year 2007, two leaders of both countries has signed a memorandum of understanding to establish a joint trade and investment committee to address issues and recommend measures to enhance bilateral trade and investment. www.indlawnews.com, 25 January 2008 This in particular shows how countries with similar culture can work together. How to cite Effect of Culture in International Business, Essay examples

Wedding Day free essay sample

Whilst rummaging through old photo albums, I came upon the photo album of mine and Christians wedding that was held in summer of 2012. Christian and I got married at Woodland Park, a 45-minute drive from Brighton and Since I was young, I have always wanted to have a garden wedding and coincidentally, Christian wanted one too. We hired a talented wedding planner who made our wedding day much more memorable. The venue was decorated with white and cream flower arrangements and guests were informed to dress in beige or cream to follow the color coordination. BThe morning of the wedding day started off with an anxiety attack. I can recall myself overthrowing everything and panicking miserably. Christian and I followed the tradition of the groom not being able to see his bride until she walks down the aisle which made me even more panicked as he has been the only person who can calm me down whenever I get these attacks. We will write a custom essay sample on Wedding Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Luckily for me, my mother was there to reassure me that everything was going to be fine and soon enough started to relax. For most women, the wedding dress is definitely one of the highlights of the day.My dress that is now stored up in the top shelf of my closet was designed by Vera Wang. Its a beautiful bare back cream lace gown with a 3-foot train. As I walked down the aisle, everyone was in awe of how catching the dress was. As I am more introverted rather than extroverted, walking down the aisle and being the centre of attention was rather intimidating but as soon as saw Christian at the end of the aisle looking striking, I immediately thought of nothing but him. The day was concluded with a moonlight dinner under the stars. The setting was yet again remarkable.This was the first time both Christian and my family got to properly sit down together so they used the time to bond with one another and got along really well. As for my friends, we used this time to catch up with one another as weve all moved to different parts of the united Kingdom. The day Christian and I could officially call ourselves Mr. and Mrs. Grey is definitely a fairytale that Ill remember and cherish forever.

The Safest Type of Water Bottle to Drink From

The Safest Type of Water Bottle to Drink From Many people refill single-use plastic bottles (Plastic #1, PET) as a cheap way to carry water. That bottle was bought with water in it in the first place – what can go wrong? While a single refill in a freshly drained bottle probably will not cause any problem, there can be some issues when it is done repeatedly. First, these bottles are difficult to wash and are thus likely to carry the bacteria that have started colonizing it the minute you first unsealed it. In addition, the plastic used in the manufacturing of these bottles is not made for long term use. To make the plastic flexible, phthalates might be used in the manufacturing of the bottle. Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, a major environmental concern, and which can mimic the actions of hormones in our body. Those chemicals are relatively stable at room temperature (as well as when the plastic bottle is frozen), but they can be released into the bottle when the plastic is warmed. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) states that any chemical released from the bottle has been measured at a concentration below any established risk threshold. Until we know more, it’s probably best to limit our use of single-use plastic bottles and to avoid using them after they have been microwaved or washed at high temperatures.   Plastic (#7, polycarbonate) The rigid, reusable plastic bottles often seen clipped to a backpack are labeled as plastic #7, which usually means there are made of polycarbonate. However, other plastics can get that recycling number designation. Polycarbonates have been under scrutiny lately because of the presence of bisphenol-A (BPA) that can leach into the bottle’s content. Numerous studies have linked BPA with reproductive health problems in test animals, and in humans too. The FDA states that so far they have found the levels of BPA leached from polycarbonate bottles to be too low to be a concern, but they do recommend limiting children’s exposure to BPA by not heating up polycarbonate bottles, or by selecting alternate bottle options. Plastics containing BPA are no longer used in the United States for the manufacturing of children’s sippy cups, baby bottles, and baby formula packaging. BPA-free polycarbonate bottles were advertised to capitalize on the public fears of BPA and fill the resulting market gap. A common replacement, bisphenol-S (BPS), was thought to be much less likely to leach out of the plastics, yet it can be found in the urine of most Americans tested for it. Even at very low doses, it has been found to disrupt hormone, neurological, and heart function in test animals. BPA-free does not necessarily mean safe. Stainless Steel Food grade stainless steel is a material that can safely be in contact with drinking water. Steel bottles also have the advantages of being shatter resistant, long-lived, and tolerant of high temperatures. When choosing a steel water bottle, make sure the steel is not found solely on the outside of the bottle, with a plastic liner inside. These cheaper bottles present similar health uncertainties as polycarbonate bottles.   Aluminum Aluminum water bottles are resistant and lighter than steel bottles. Because aluminum can leach into liquids, a liner has to be applied inside the bottle. In some cases that liner can be a resin that has been shown to contain BPA. SIGG, the dominant aluminum water bottle manufacturer, now uses BPA-free and phthalate free resins to line its bottles, but it declines to reveal the composition of those resins. As with steel, aluminum can be recycled but is energetically very costly to produce. Glass Glass bottles are easy to find cheaply: a simple store-bought juice or tea bottle can be washed and repurposed for water-carrying duty. Canning jars are just as easy to find. Glass is stable at a wide range of temperatures, and will not leak chemicals into your water. Glass is easily recyclable. The main drawback of glass is, of course, that it can shatter when dropped. For that reason, glass is not allowed at many beaches, public pools, parks, and campgrounds. However, some manufacturers produce glass bottles wrapped in a shatter-resistant coating. If the glass inside breaks, the shards remain inside the coating. An additional drawback of glass is its weight – gram-conscious backpackers will prefer lighter options. Conclusion At this moment, food-grade stainless steel and glass water bottles are associated with fewer uncertainties. Personally, I find the simplicity and lower economic and environmental costs of glass appealing. Most of the time, however, I find drinking tap water from an old ceramic mug perfectly satisfying. Sources Cooper et al. 2011. Assessment of Bisphenol A Released from Reusable Plastic, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Water Bottles. Chemosphere, vol. 85. Natural Resources Defense Council. Plastic Water Bottles. Scientific American.  BPA-Free Plastic Containers May Be Just as Hazardous.

Tips on job hunting with a disability

Tips on job hunting with a disability Having a disability can be a challenge, but it shouldn’t prevent you from achieving your career goals. In additional to laws designed to protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination in the workplace, there are a variety of strategies that you can employ to your advantage when job hunting or while on the job- and knowing your rights is a powerful tool. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)  is a key set of federal laws; its purpose is to prevent discrimination against people who have a disability and to guarantee equal employment opportunities for individuals with a disability. This includes issues involving hiring, firing, promotions, pay, and benefits. In addition, if you require certain accommodations in order to effectively perform the responsibilities of your job, your employer may be legally required to provide these accommodations without any undue burden to you. These protections span all industries across the public and private sector, including priv ate business, employment agencies, educational institutions, local and state government entities, and labor organizations.If you’d like to learn more about your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we recommend that you visit the official website at ADA.gov. If you feel as if you’ve been unfairly discriminated against, there’s also a wealth of information available here for how to protect your rights and file a charge, if needed.Job hunting can be challenging in even the best of circumstances- in addition to the constant stress and anxiety of countless interviews and emails, there’s the endless waiting for responses and cycle of excitement and disappointment that inevitably follows. If you have a disability, it could add extra hurdles to an already challenging situation. Use the following tips to help you successfully navigate your job hunt and ensure that nothing stands in the way between you and your next great job opportunity.Only share wh at makes you comfortable.There’s no reason for you to feel pressure to fully disclose your disability unless you feel like doing so, or if there’s an issue that needs to be addressed (like if you need to climb stairs to get to your interview but can’t, for example). Remember, your rights are protected under the ADA, and just like anyone else you’re under no obligation to disclose your complete medical history during an interview; furthermore, it shouldn’t be used as a factor to make a hiring decision.That said, some people freely choose to bring up their situation on interviews and assert the notion that their disability will in no way prevent them from performing the tasks associated with the job. How you handle this is totally your call.Focus on what you can do.Whenever you’re trying to convince a hiring manager or HR professional that you’d be a valuable addition to their team, you want to make sure that you make it clear what you offer as a prospective employee- including your skill set, experience, and prior accomplishments. Although you might have a disability, the focus of any job interview you go on should be what you can do, even if it requires you to overcome an obstacle or utilize some additional accommodation.Your goal here is the same as any prospective job applicant- to convince the interviewer that you can figure out an effective way to handle every responsibility of the job. Remember, those with a confident, â€Å"can do† attitude in the face of any and all challenges are much more likely to get hired than those who go out of their way to demonstrate that they’re not up to the tasks required of the position.Demonstrate your value.You may feel additional pressure to show that you’re more than up to handling the tasks associated with the job you’re going after, despite your disability. If this is the case, you can alleviate your anxiety by making sure that every aspect o f your job hunting game is razor sharp. Start with a cover letter and resume that really sell yourself and get readers intrigued to learn more about you. Then follow up with a stellar interview approach- from what you wear, to your body language (project confidence!) and how capably you field the questions posed to you. The key is to sell yourself as the best possible candidate for the position, regardless of any disability you may possess. Bottom line: try your best to make yourself the obvious choice for the position because of all the great things you bring to the table, disability or not.Know your rights.Although we’ve briefly covered your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act, there are a host of available websites to help you fully understand your rights, both as an employee and as a prospective one while you’re on the job hunt. The following are a few helpful resources:United States Department of LaborJob Accommodation NetworkADA NetworkS. Equal Emplo yment Opportunity CommissionEnable AmericaEvery person has the right to be a productive member of the work world and achieve career fulfillment and success. If you’re an individual with a disability or know someone with a disability, consider using the tips presented here to get informed and empowered regarding workplace rights.

Wheelchair Basketball Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Wheelchair Basketball - Essay Example The fact that these soldiers were recently paralyzed led to a lot of frustration and no outlet for them to channel their energy. As they began rehabilitation and searched for a physical outlet to relieve stress they decided what better than sports? (Schweiker: 1954) The soldiers began with sports such as ping-pong, catch and pool, then it went to bowling, volleyball and swimming, then to the more energy requiring sports such as water polo, touch-football, softball and basketball. Although several other sports have now been added, it was basketball that overshadowed the others in a few years time in overall popularity. In 1946, other historical documents reveal that the California Chapter of Paralyzed Veterans of America played the very first match of organized wheelchair basketball, two weeks prior to the New England Chapter. According to these facts, it thereafter spread across the nation to the VA hospitals in Chicago, Memphis, Boston, Richmond and New York. Not before long, the sp ort had spread across the border to the UK and to Canada as well. (Schweiker: 1954) By time 1948 rolled around, there were six teams in total in the United States. All were members of the PVA and all functioned from Veteran hospitals. This was the same year that the Birmingham, California team obtained a sponsored tour to travel by plane, and play other paraplegic teams across the nation. The immediate result of the first sponsored tour of the Birmingham Flying Wheels was the development of the first wheelchair basketball team outside of VA hospitals in Kansas City. The first ‘civilian’ hometown team was known as the Kansas City Wheelchair Bulldozers (later known as the City Rolling Pioneers). (Schweiker: 1954) In 1955, the Touring U.S. Pan Am Jets team was the first to bring wheelchair basketball to England, when they participated in the first international competition at Stoke Mandeville. (GBWA.org: 2011) Now, there are several teams throughout the United Stated, UK, and rest of the world. The first World Championships for Men, the G old Cup, took place in Bruges, Belgium in 1975, but has long since continued on thereafter. In the UK, The Great Britain Wheelchair Basketball Association governs wheelchair basketball. The GBWA is a registered charity and forms the representative body of wheelchair basketball in Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England. Teams in the GBWA league consist of the RGK TCAT Rhinos, Sheffield Steelers, Teamside Owls, GLL Capital City Raiders, Essex Outlaws, Knights and Aces. However there are several more teams at different divisional levels. GBWA.org: 2011) Aside from the GBWA there is also the Welsh Wheelchair Basketball Association WWBA. The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) governs the sport itself. The height of the basket and the size of the court are the same as in the running version of the game (10 feet from the floor and 28mx 15m, respectively). The duration of for all international games is 40 minutes. In terms of eligibility, athletes using wheelchairs play wheelchair basketball, and whose disabilities might include lower limb amputations, paraplegia, polio and cerebral palsy. In general terms, any individual who cannot participate in stand-up running basketball as the direct result of an injury, disabling condition, etc. is eligible to play wheelchair basketball. It is important to note that not all participants in wheelchair basketball use a wheelchair for daily living. (Paralympics.org: 2011). Other important classifications to notice are the points rating system. Athletes in wheelchairs are classified by their physical

Criteria of American Rebels John Reed, Joseph Freeman, and Louis Research Paper

Criteria of American Rebels John Reed, Joseph Freeman, and Louis Fischer Used in the History Evaluation - Research Paper Example The developing stories of World War I, the Mexican Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution show the various stages through which the world has evolved before accomplishing its status. Apparently, the universe has been through series of social, economic and political transformations for the longest time since the introduction of the industrial revolution followed by series of inventions and discoveries that have shaped the world to what it is today (John Reed’s Selected Writings 76-158). Many people recognize the contributions of John Reed in the analysis of the Mexican Revolution as well as the happenings of World War I that have influenced international relationships between countries across the globe. Despite the raging debate over the contributions of World War and the infamous Mexican Revolution to the current status, it is important to recognize the views and opinions of the John Reed that have also illuminated understanding of many learners across the globe (John Reedâ €™s Selected Writings 76-158). In particular, Reed focused on the positive and negative aspects of the Mexican Revolution of 1911. He used unique criteria to create a clear and more comprehensible understanding of the Revolution, which has influenced the social, economic, and political dynamics of current Mexico as well as the neighborhood (Reed 63-78). The Americans (USA) did not understand the 1911 Mexico Revolution. However, the revolution found a soft landing in short stories, silent films, and American novels. The novels have particularly displayed a comprehensive analysis of the stages through which the country went through before attaining political, social and economic independence. Today, the United States and Mexico share fundamental similarities, which have immensely helped the process of shaping up an understanding of the relations between the two countries. Stereotypes about Mexico dominated American films during the 20thcentury (Reed 63-78). The first criteria that John Reed used were to examine and analyze whether or not the people of Mexico engaged in the fierce fight for the sake of it or because they wanted things they could not afford through the alternative option.  

The Concept Of Sustainability In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

The Concept Of Sustainability In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay Over the years, sustainability and environmental issues have gained significant attention in hospitality, tourism and management projects.   Across the world, discussions on sustainable development including that of hospitality industry are ongoing; in fact the hospitality industry is taking a serious note of it. This chapter discusses on issues, challenges and trends that hospitality industry is facing and might face in the coming years ahead. Eco Responsible Approach and the top issues that might influence the global hospitality industry in the coming years ahead including sustainable development, calls for green hospitality, labour cost, multicultural issues and higher education are taken actively. Latest Trends in the hospitality, ways to enhance guest experience in hospitality and guest expectations to green initiatives shall be discussed. Further, the aspects pertaining to guest demands for sustainable products services shall be covered. Key words: Sustainable; Issues; Challenges; Trends; Hospitality Industry 7.2 Sustainability, Tourism Hospitality: The concept of sustainable development was initially taken in the context of the social indicators and thereafter expanded to address the environmental indicators. The World Commission on Environment and Development (The Brundtland Commission) popularised the concept of sustainable development in 1987. We may define sustainable development as: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) has mentioned that Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions, while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled, while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems. The dimensions of sustainability encompasses of following elements: competence management; eco-efficiency; financial management; innovations; operational performance; product performance. stakeholder management; and sustainable management; Sustainability practices are becoming increasingly common and the issues concerning to sustainability have become an essential part of the social and political discussions in most of the countries. These days many of the small businesses have to struggle for survival in a world of competitions with key players, mergers and mega corporations. There is a strong urge for sustainable development and thus need of involvement of all stakeholders including local communities. Further there is a strong requirement for educating the young people on the environmental issues and instilling the values in their minds so as to make the world a better place in which to live. The concept of sustainability in the Hotel Industry: The hospitality industry is gradually becoming one of the great examples of why running a sustainable business will be crucial for long-term success. Defined at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, sustainability is increasingly becoming one of the most relevant issues to hoteliers in the 21st century as costs continue to rise, demand becomes increasingly sensitive and the pressure on being economically, socially and environmentally responsible grows. Due to the growing environmental degradation, society is forced to become increasingly aware of the need of adopting and enforcing more effective measures of environmental protection. Sustainable development, including the development of a more sustainable built environment, has thus become a priority and a challenge of our time. A number of studies indicate that the hotel industry has an important responsibility in this process. The global hotel industry, comprising of various facilities, constitutes one of the most important sectors of the tourism industry. Hotels provide accommodation and offer high level of resources for utilization (including energy, water, consumables) in hotel facilities, the environmental footprint of hotels is typically larger than those of other types of buildings of same size. Research has revealed that the hotels are large users of consumer goods; waste generation is one of the more visible impacts the hotel industry has on the environment. According to a n IHEI (2002) estimate, a typical hotel produces in excess of 1 kg of waste per guest-day, which, for a typical facility, results in many tons of waste each month. These figures clearly reflect that there is an urgent need for more environmentally sound practices and products in the hotel industry. Over the years, there has been an increased environmental awareness among the general public and the development of the concept of green consumerism has flourished. Where, most of the hotels in the recent past were paying attention to environmental responsibility it has is now increasingly emerged as a corporate issue. However, in order to achieve greater environmental responsibility, proper implementation tools and strategies are necessary. The instruments of action include the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations (health and safety requirements, planning and building regulations, water utilization, waste generation and the release of emissions), as well as voluntary standards. Certification and labelling schemes are increasingly growing in popularity. Further, the governments, NGOs, Academic Communities are coming up to assist hoteliers in running more environmentally responsible businesses. As a matter of fact many good hotel chains have also developed their modules and have practiced innovative practices. Significantly, the research study by Centre for Hospitality Research, Cornell University (2010) (2012) by Glenn Withiam Rohit Verma in Hotel Year Book 2012 highlighted on Sustainability citing customers demand for sustainable hotel operations has taken root and expanded. The hotel in dustry has taken notice, as demonstrated by a push for consistent reporting standards and industry best practices coming from our industry roundtables in both Asia and North America. In that regard, meeting planners and corporate planners are now requesting that hotels provide sustainability-related information (such as energy use or recycling policies). Third-party certification of green claims has become an important part of sustainability reporting, as demonstrated for instance by Travelocitys Green Hotel Directory, which does not recognize self-certified hotels. Hotels are highly dependent on financial performance and have to bank upon increased demand and reducing the costs for survival. Sustainable practices can appear altruistic to the guest, shedding a positive light on a hotel. Also, when applied correctly they are generally cost-effective with short periods of payback. The hotels who implement such measures are generally financially sound as costs are recovered in a short time and many a times often the long-term savings are great. However, only a small percentage of existing hotels have sustainability at the core of their business routine that also in organized sector. There are many benefits for a hotel with sustainable business practices: Additional revenue through lower costs. Cost saving through cost-reduction measures. Easier financing because of lower long-term risk. Greater attractiveness to lenders. Greater long-term financial stability. Increased asset value because of long-term business capability. Long-term ability to stay in business and be profitable. 7.3 Trends challenges of the industry: Due to increased awareness on the growing environmental degradation, society is becoming aware of the need of adopting and enforcing more effective measures of environmental protection. Sustainable development has become a key priority and a challenge of time. The issue of sustainability needs to be addressed at different levels, in cooperation with academia, industry, policy makers, the general public and other stakeholders. The hotel industry has an important responsibility in this process. The study by Wang Jin zhao and Wang zing (Shenyang University China) in the Journal of Management Science Engineering (2009) in has highlighted in the article issues, challenges trends, that facing Hospitality Industry has been taken in this chapter and as under 7.3.1 Issues in Hospitality Green Hospitality: Sustainable Development Calls for green hospitality. Going green is a burgeoning issue in the hospitality industry. People are keen to look at sustainable solutions in a whole new way. There has been a change in the perception of green; it has gone from a fringe movement to mainstream. As a sign of its gaining popularity, one of the appreciated initiatives in India is Welcom Environment Programme by ITC Welcom Group of Hotels in addition to others. Across the globe various conferences on hospitality are being held. The basis of sustainable hospitality operation is a three-part balance, expressed as profits, people, and planet. By taking those three elements into account, thus, a sustainable green hospitality development program becomes economically viable, as well as beneficial to the community and environment. Higher Education: Tremendous changes are taking place in hospitality industry which poses several challenges for transformation of the whole educational process including educational curricula, learning materials, instructional practices and education stakeholders. This includes restructuring the learning process to reflect the use of information in the real world, changing the role of the educator from presenter of pre-packaged facts to facilitator of active learning and transforming the library specialist to an active collaborator in curriculum planning for effective use and availability of information resources. Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India is providing Hospitality Tourism Education through National Council of Hotel Management, Indian Institute of Travel Tourism Management and interestingly is Broad Biasing Hospitality Tourism Education through Central Financial Assistance Scheme by giving a direct grant of Rupees Two Crores to each University for offering hospitality pro grammes under this scheme. In 2012 about 22 universities in India have been benefited and many more are likely to get. Indeed, educators need to inspire new aspirants and gear them for industry needs. The new educational providers have also been offering the undeniable demand for open, flexible, distance and e- learning; with world class universities like IGNOU offering Hospitality Tourism Programmes, as collaboration project NCHMCT MOT, Govt. Of India; and state universities like Uttarakhand Open University and others are promoting Hospitality Tourism Programmes reaching to the unreached. Similarly organizations like AHLA, whose primary business is not education but who facilities to it with its educational institute. Labour Cost Issues: Labour expenses continue to remain amongst the large expense items for hospitality managers, accounting nearly about 40- 45 percent of total operating costs. Thus, any trend or issue that could potentially impact labour costs needs to be taken seriously by hospitality owners and managers alike. Due to the magnitude of the expense, labour costs and issues have always consumed a substantial portion of the time and efforts of hospitality managers. The cost of labour is the biggest expense in all categories of hotels. Even with the advent of select-service properties, hospitality developers cannot avoid the human component of hospitality operations. While managing labour expenses is important, hospitality managers also needs to be aware that employees are an integral part of the hospitality experience. The interaction between hospitality guests and employees has a significant impact on the customer experience and the success of the business operation. Therefore, a fin e balance must be drawn between cost controls and guest satisfaction. Multicultural Issues: The newest trends and topics surrounding hospitality research and development is the management of multicultural talent in the hospitality industry. With the development of globalization, multicultural issues are facing and disturbing the industry operators. Bringing the far corners of the world together is part and parcel of what the hospitality sector does. Blending amenities to cater for the needs of the worlds different cultures is central to success for large, international hospitality chains. Cultural issues have never before been such a crucial determinant of how a large hospitality should operate. In some Asian cultures, for example, eye contact is not sought, as it can make guests feel uncomfortable, while in Western tradition it is equated with openness and honesty. This could be important in defining how staff addresses themselves to certain Asian guests. 7.3.2 Challenges confronting the Hospitality Industry: The various kinds of challenges confronted by the Hospitality Industry revolves around Economic Issues, Operating Issues, Marketing Issues and Technological Issues Operating Issues Human Resources: Shortages of human resources and their impact on the industry in almost every geographic location are consistently among the most difficult challenges noted by hoteliers. In many communities, hospitality expansion is limited not by capital, but rather by human resources. A shrinking labour force is the number one challenge facing the global hospitality industry, according to the International Society of Hospitality Consultants, which recently convened to brainstorm world issues and rank them according to importance. The problem of attracting and retaining qualified workers, once an issue only in an isolated number of markets, is increasingly becoming a global challenge. Demography, wage levels, failure to adequately address worker satisfaction and a reputation for long hours and low pay are all cited as contributing factors. Creative hospitality professionals have begun to develop innovative strategies for capturing and keeping high quality workers. In India itself t he research report by HVS International cites that ongoing demand for human resources is 3,20,000 and the trained manpower supply is 12,000 annually through Govt. Institutes of Hotel Management. The Prime Ministers National Skill Development Council has articulated a vision that tourism sector will employ additional 5 million skilled persons by 2022. Realizing the increasing importance of Tourism as an integral part of economic and developmental policy of India Ministry of Tourism Govt. of India has received the 12th Plan Allocation in Rupees 15,190 crore which is a substantial increase over its 11th Plan size of Rupees 5156 crore. In order to meet the growing needs of Human Resources, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India has launched Hunar se Rozgar Programme with a target to train 1,07,800 people in 2016-17 against training of 53,800 personnel in 2012-13 for the trade of Hospitality Tourism. Cost Containment : Hospitalities are increasingly challenged to find ways to reduce costs without sacrificing the quality standards imposed to consistently meet guest expectations. The idea of doing more with le requires managers to think about ways to operate more effectively (in other words to do the right things in the right way) and to examine possibilities for cost savings that will not affect the guests perception of value. Increased Competition : Hotels everywhere indicate that their community is overbuilt; there are too many available hospitality rooms relative to the guests desiring to rent them. The resulting competition, which often involves price cutting in efforts to provide greater value to guests, educes still further the profits generated. A steep fall in occupancy ratio in the wake of the global slowdown and tight competition among hospitality operators in a shrinking market have brought down hospitality room rents drastically across the country. The competition has resulted in low occupancies and as a result, the average room rate has taken a beating of almost 30 percent in all major leisure markets. Rooms are now sold not only for less but also bundled with packages, like breakfast, airport transfers or a days sightseeing. Competition calls for innovation in hospitality industry. Marketing Issues Market Segmentation and Overlapping Brands: Market segmentation is increasing as lodging chains focus on a specific niche of travellers. Additionally, brands overlap. Some industry observers are concerned that franchisers may expand their number of brands to the point that investors who purchase from the same franchiser will be in direct competition with themselves! Also, as the number of brands increases, the ability of consumers to differentiate between them decreases. Increased Guest Sophistication : Consumers have become more sophisticated and, as a result, so have the types of products and services that they desire. Amenities, including business centers, exercise and recreational facilities, and guest-room innovations, increase costs but, if not carefully selected, may not appeal to many guests being served by a specific property. Technological Issues The challenges of keeping up with the fast pace of technology is difficult and expensive. Interactive Reservation Systems: Guests can now use the Internets interactive reservation systems, and hospitality companies are sometimes criticized for the (alleged) large number of keyboard clicks required to make a reservation. The number of reservations made via the Internet continues to increase. Surveys show that a good number reservations are made through the Internet, and this percentage is increasing every year. With such high percentage of reservations done through the Internet, hospitality cannot afford not being connected. If the potential guest cannot book online, a reservation will be made at the competitors web site. Guest-room Innovations: With wi fi connectivity, mood based lighting, choice of music, multiple telephone lines, interactive opportunities for ordering room service, modern ammenities and guest-room check-out are examples of amenities that guests increasingly desire, but that are very expensive to install and implement. Data Mining This technology allows marketing and sales personnel to find new ways to use guest-related data. (data mining: using technology to analyze guest and other related data to make better marketing decisions.) Yield Management This computerized process allows managers to match guest demand with room rates (high demand means higher rates because of lessened discounts; low demand result in higher discounts.) (yield management: demand forecasting systems designed to maximize revenue by holding rates high during times of high guest-room demand and by decreasing room rates during times of lower guest-room demand). Yield management is critical to maximizing a hospitalitys profitability. The concept are applied to every revenue department and across department. The yield managers job is to maximize the revenue per available room by selling rooms to the right customers, at the right price, at the right time. Economic Issues Dependence upon the Nations Economy When the nations economy is good, business travel generally increases. Hospitality occupancy rates and rack rates increase, which results in higher profit levels. The reverse is also true: business travel slows when the economy slow. Then occupancy and rack rates decrease. Discounts to increase occupancy are offered, which yield lower revenues and profit decreases. Globalization Globalization impacts the lodging industry dramatically because it influences the extent of which people travel both within the country and around the world. Therefore, it is not only the economy of the nation, but also the economies of individual countries, that play an increasingly larger role in the financial success of lodging properties. To compete, they must pay closer attention to the trends of globalization. The industry must reflect the requirements of the global village in many aspects of its operations, including food, services, amenities, staffing policies and training. 7.3.3 Trends in Hospitality Industry: Rapid Growth in Vacation Ownership : Vacation ownership is the fastest growing segment of the lodging industry and is likely to continue growing as the baby boomers enter their fifties and sixties in the U.S.A.. The World Tourism Organization has called timeshares one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel and tourism industry. Hospitality companies are adding brand power to the concept with corporations like Marriott Vacation Club International, the Walt Disney Company, Hilton Hotels, Hyatt Hotels, Promus Embassy Suites, Inter-Continental and ever Four Seasons participating in an industry that has grown rapidly in recent years. Integration Globalization: Vertical integration is a trend that began a few years ago. Lodging companies realized that guests accommodation needs were not just at one level; rather, they seemed to vary by price and facilities/amenities. Almost all major lodging companies now have properties in each segment of the market. The future of the lodging industry involves globalization. Companies cannot grow unless they venture beyond the United States. American hospitality chains and their management techniques were in demand by many developing countries who wanted premium-name hotel. An extensive survey of the condition of the hospitality would have shown that substantial amounts of money would be necessary to maintain the hospitalitys condition. The hospitality industry is thus at the very core of the globalization of international business. Hospitality companies therefore need to consider the implications of the global context in which they operate and must be prepared to address the qu estions that arise from this changing environment. Globalization will ultimately touch virtually all aspects of the hospitality industry. Increasingly, customers, management processes, employees, products, and sources of capital will be competed for and will move across national boundaries. Competition in the future will come from global entities with the advantages that globalization brings. New Management : The complex forces of capacity control, safety and security, capital movement, and technology issues will require a future management cadre that is able to adapt to rapid-paced change across all the traditional functions of management. The growing complexity of the customer/employee interaction, driven by technology and the information age, will shape human resources needs in the future. The customer, armed with more information, will expect frontline and other hospitality staff to be at least as knowledgeable about the firms offerings as they are themselves. This will be difficult in an industry characterized by low-skilled, low-paid personnel and a high degree of cultural and behavioral diversity among its employees. Visioning the future: major forces driving change in the hospitality industry considers seven areas decisive to the future development of the industry. Each is examined to determine the scope and complexity of the issue and the timing of its impact. Th at is assets and capital, health and safety, new management , marketing, distribution and capacity management, technology, sustainable development, social issues Expanded role of Travel Intermediaries Portals: The entry of Google has added a new dimension to hotel room distribution, since users can book directly from the search results page, instead of clicking through to another site. Going forward, hotels may find themselves being distributed much like package goods. Many guests will go to a travel purveyor for hotel rooms, just as they go to a food market for groceries. Further, there have been facilities extended to many countries including India for developing free websites by google enabling small or even un organised hotels accessible on web. Mobile apps and RFID : Social media, which have grown exponentially in the past few years, will continue to be a force, but the big electronic development for hotel distribution and operations is mobile devices, particularly those with radio frequency identification (RFID) chips. Because of the remarkable plunge in the cost of RFID, the study by Cornell Research Centre anticipate that this will break out as its own trend soon enough, and the combination of RFID and mobile apps will allow guests to use their smart phones to book a room, check in, open their guestroom door, and settle their folio all without direct contact with staff. Even without RFID, guests use of mobile devices will create opportunities for innovation by hoteliers, including new services and operating efficiencies. Next generation globalization: Not long ago, globalization meant that hotel brands from developed nations expanded into developing nations, whether through master franchises or by acquiring local firms. Globalization is now flowing in the reverse direction, as brands from developing nations are expanding to developed nations, as well as to other developing nations. To name just a few brands, Taj Hotels from India has now operations in UK, US having properties in Boston, New York, and San Francisco, as well as hotels in London and Sydney, Jumeirah from UAE now manages the Essex House in New York, as well as properties in London and Frankfurt ; Thus, globalization will mean that hotel brands criss-cross the globe. 7.4 Eco Responsible Approaches in Hospitality Business In the tourism industry, hotels account for a significant amount of the overall pollution generated by this sector. The potential of implementing more sustainable practices in the hotel sector requires the availability of reliable tools for assessment and benchmarking of hotel environmental performance. A number of such tools have been developed by international environmental organizations, branch associations and even hotel corporations. The various schemes differ with regard to geographical/climatic areas covered, types of hotel facilities included, detail of environmental information required, benchmarking methods, user-friendliness and implementation cost. Green Hotels: In view of the shortage of resources on Earth, rising awareness of environmental protection, and ecological conservation, eco-friendly hotels shall be the answer for the above issues, so that natural resources can be recycled, re-used, and energy can be conserved. These are the future goals of the hotel accommodation industry. The term green hotel (eco-friendly hotel) was first introduced following the emergence of the above concepts. Eco-friendly Hotel Association (2000) was set up to create the green hotel requirements that promote the economical use of water and energy, and reduction of solid waste, so as to safeguard the Earth resources. Green Mountain State (2010) has focused on the creation of an eco-friendly environment, possibly allowing for contribution from all staffs and guests alike. It carefully scrutinizes each area of the hotel operation to find ways to reduce the impacts on the environment. It also looks for ways to educate the public, and to remind ever yone that every bit counts no matter how tiny the contribution may be. At the same time, it maintains its commitment to provide the kind of quality service that is expected by hotel guests. The basic concept of a green hotel is a place of accommodation that can provide eco-friendly services, but its main goal shall be focused on ways to maintain its sustainable operation. Under the premise of minimizing the environmental impact, a green hotel shall be managed in such a way to provide patrons with a comfortable, healthy, natural accommodation while its service quality is maintained. Development of Green Hotels: Eco-friendly or green hotels are developed under the concept of sustainable operation of the tourism industry. It shall be based on the capacity to sustain the ecological environment, and shall be in line with local economic development and local ethics. In addition, it can meet the needs of contemporary people, but without endangering the future generations. Furthermore, it shall be able to promote the local economy, resource conservation, and protect the ecofriendly environment, thus creating a harmonious relationship with the nature. As the hotel accommodation is closely tied to the development of the tourism industry, when the recreation and leisure trend is becoming increasingly popular, increased demand for tourism will also stimulate the demand for hotel accommodation. According to the traditional impression, hotels are places that offer luxury accommodation and services. But, under the global environmental awareness and environmental advocacy, and complying with the environmental management requirements, hotel services are now focused on cleaner production, eco-friendly services, and regular resource conservation. The concept of eco-friendly hotels came into being under the green corporate culture and the above principles. With increasing attention on the environmental issues, and influenced by the concept of green hotels, hotels in every country are urged to implement the environmental management and energy saving measures. The main spirits of green hotels are to provide affordable products and services to meet the needs of the public, to improve the quality of life at the same time, to reduce the ecological impact on the environment gradually throughout the life cycle, and to reduce the consumption of natural resource. At least, the pace of energy consumption shall be reconciled with the Earths loading capacity. Eco-friendly Hotels Association (2010) firmly supported the green initiatives through encouragement and promotion of the green hotel services. Through appropriate management of the natural resources, the green hotel concept can be applied to the hotel accommodation industry. The Green Practices in Hotels include: Commitment to Environmental Practices: (By formulating Environmental Committees, Developing Strategies, Plan of Action, Manuals, formulating green teams, monitoring environmental performance, communicating visibility of environmental practices to guests, stake holders, staff, vendors public) Energy Efficiency Conservation: (Installing occupancy sensors, use of energy efficiency equipments, applications of alternate energy sources, proper HVAC maintenance, energy efficient designs, buildings construction patterns) Lighting: (Installing programmable sensors, use of reminder cards, provisions for natural lights, application of dimmer controls, use of CFL and other such energy efficient lamps) Landscape: (Sprinkler irrigation systems, recycled water, drip irrigation methods, use of drought resistant plants, grouping of tolerant plants, usage of organic fertilizers) Managing Hazardous Toxic Substances: (Proper provisions and instructions for storing, use of least toxic products, little or no phosphates laundry products, use of re chargeable batteries) Pest Management: (Implementation of green integrated pest management programme, application of organic insecticides, usage of traps barriers and discretion of strong and harmful chemicals) Purchasing: (Creating environmental purchasing polic

Linguistics and Children Essay

This assignment will firstly explain the meaning of the following terms, communicative competence and metalinguistic awareness. Observations have shown that children do imitate older peers and adults when speaking as well as signs of creativity from an early age when developing language. Then the second section will evaluate the roles of creativity and imitation in regards to learning spoken English. This assignment will focus on the spoken English of young children. Part 1 Communicative competence – Is a term that refers to the way in which a language user communicates efficiently and successfully depends upon their communicative competence. Linguist Noam Chomsky depicted a variation within the term ‘linguistic’ which he divided into to competence and performance. The term linguistic performance is associated with incorrectly and/or repeated ungrammatical delivered actual utterances of language in use. Linguistic competence refers to the knowledge of the language system which will enable the speaker to distinguish the utterances that are grammatical in the language from those that are not. (Chomsky, 1965 cited in Book3, pg 48) However linguist Hymes believed speakers need to attain distinctive skills in performance such as what is the socially appropriate turn of phrase to accomplish the desired effect as well as knowing when to speak. With regards to children as well as learning the construction and sounds of particular languages they are actually learning the discourse procedures of their communities. The term also incorporates word meaning, grammar and pronunciations well as applying language aptly, verbally, written and non- verbal cues such as body language. (Book3, pg 201) Metalinguistic awareness – Is a term used to define an individual’s ability to reflect on the use of language in with regards to clarifying the transfer of linguistic skills and knowledge across languages. When a language user’s metalinguistic awareness develops they start to create new and refined use of metaphors such as the simile â€Å"life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re going to get† they also begin to realise that statements can have an implied meaning as well as a factual meaning. They may even start to identify sarcasm along with contrariness which connects with an individual’s capability of telling and /or understanding jokes, manipulating language (Kerper, 2009) Part 2 Children can acquire language as a result of imitation however it isn’t the initial method into language acquisition due to children demonstrating creative practice of language. (Book 3, pg 27) Infants produce a variety of sounds during the initial year of their life in addition to experimenting with vocal play. (Book 3, pg 8) The rate of development differs between each child, for example it is rare for a child to skip the babbling stage, which usually occurs at the average age of 11months, and another factor that assists speech development is physiological maturation. (Book 3, pg9) Benedict, 1979 cited in Book 3, pg19 researched development of vocabulary of a small group of children (8) during the course of six months. The findings demonstrated children’s ability to understand and create words between the ages of 10 months and on average 1 year 9 months. By the time the child is 11 months and 15 days they are usually attain a comprehension vocabulary of twenty words. The process of attaining words in production takes longer than it does in comprehension, comprehension can usually occurs 4 months before production. With regards to ‘imitation’ the role of the caregiver (a term used for those individuals who spend the most time interacting with and looking after the child. ) (Book 3, pg 11) much research has been done in this area whereby the emphasis is on a pair in this case it involves the child and their main caregiver, this is also known as a term called a dyad. The findings from this research revealed that the person the child has most direct contact with impart the language surroundings that the child will model. Other linguistic modelling that adults provide is through caregiving schedules, for instances bathing and feeding, these routines provide occasions for conventional interactions concerning language. ‘Peek a boo’ A customary game that is usually played between infant and caregiver and generally in Western cultures. (Book 3, pg14) As a rule the adult attempts to grasp the infant’s interest the concealing their eyes behind a hand or an object after which a type of discourse occurs, for example the adult might say ‘Are you ready? ‘Then the infant’s vocalisations or actions are indicated as a response. This sequence of question –and – reply is continued until the apprehension develops at this point the adult takes their hand away or removes the object and says ‘Boo! ’ (Book 3, pg 15) Trevarthen and Aitken , 2001 cited in Book 3, pg 15 believed this kind of game could be termed ‘protoconversations’, because it is similar to a conversation. It requires turn – taking, each person’s turn relies on the previous is input of the partner, therefore it is contingent, the partners understand the sequence disclose the same intention. Therefore this kind of interaction initiates ceremonial features of conversations before young children are able to speak but prompt passage to language. A universal observation made regarding the type of dialogue directed to children by adults is that the dialogue differs to that addressed to other adults. Consequently caregivers amend their dialogue for instance delivery slowed down, intonation is amplified and an elevated pitch may be used. Older children also adapt their dialogue for younger children comparable to adults, this is also evident that older children are emulating adults and implementing this technique to young children. (Book 3, pg15) this dialogue style is referred to as child directed speech (CDS). Clifton Pye, 1986 cited in Book 3, pg 16 observed a community in Central America called Quiche, they spoken one of the native Mayan languages. The results showed a difference in the way in which Quiche caregivers and Western caregivers adapt their dialogue for young children. Regardless of this cultural difference in caregiver – child interaction, the children in the Quiche community were able to speak fluently in their native language. Shirley Brice Heath’s research 1983 cited in Book 3, pg 16 of black working-class English speaking community discovered that adults in this community didn’t usually use ‘baby talk’ when interacting with young children. The ways in which children’s grammar develop could also be due to imitation as well. Descriptive grammar is a term referring to how children organise and structure speech, it doesn’t link to the correct ‘English’ people should use. Investigations into children’s grammar showed that a constant procedure is involved in the attainment of grammar. Crystal, 1995, cited in Book 3, pg 25 acknowledged seven stages ranging from formative years to adolescent. In the early stages of grammatical development children apply brief utterances of two to three words without any grammatical markers; children are usually aged between 18 months to 2 years. In the next stage of usually 3 years children start to add markers to words such as tense ( I played), plural (one cat, two cats). The second stage within Crystal’s paradigm is a term called telegraphic speech during this stage, children do not use grammatical markers instead they use verbs, temporal adverbs, adjectives and nouns. The crucial information is apparent because the details and trimmings are removed; this telegraphic quality is stated in children’s imitation of adult’s speech. Also during the second stage it has been noted that children’s speech will likely to be: a more water; baby drink; allgone sticky. However in this instance it is unlikely that children will have heard adults make these types of utterances which means they can be depicted as unique utterances, and since the meaning will be comprehensible, this utterance can also be viewed as a success. This all goes to illustrate that even at the first stages of language development children are showcasing their creativity. Most adults especially parents have heard their child/ran emulate them using adult expression and even intonation. With regards to creativity and language development, numerous researches from the theories L. S. Vygotsky (1967) and Jean Piaget (1962) cited in Gillen, 2009 has found that there is a substantial link between play and language learning. Play encourages children’s imaginative thought process through playing with objects that will then eventually lead to a better understanding of their environment. As the child’s ability to create more meaningful representations develop so does the more complex their play becomes. Bloom, 1993, p.216 cited in Gillen, 2009, p 56. Observed that a ‘spurt’ in first words was usually due to development in play behaviours. From observations children unconsciously obtain rules about real-life behaviour, and implement what they have observed into their play with a mixture of their own imagination. When children are involved in pretence games with other children it is called sociodramatic play, within this type of play it is suggested that children practice different registers of talk that they observe to fit in with that role. To conclude it seems as though the interactions typically viewed of caregivers and infants are not essential and general characteristic initial language experience. There was a variance in comprehension and creation of vocabulary. Evidence derived from research of language acquisition is usually carried out from a limited collection of cultural and social backgrounds so the findings of primitive grammatical development in English are from language users of the normal criterion of the language. The section regarding play and language development suggests that creativity and imitation interlock, it appears that both coincide together it appears both weigh evenly in terms of forming spoken English. References Gillen, J. , (2009) Block C, Learning English, Unit 17 The relationship between play and language learning, The Open University Kerper, M,. J. ‘Metalinguistic awareness as defined through research’ San Diego State University 2009-08-10 Mayor, B. , Mercer, N. and Swann, J. (eds) Learning English, London, Routledge/The Open University.

Using Narrative Theory, Attachment Theory And System Theory

Theories are illustrated â€Å"a set of prepositions which hypothesize the nature of the relationships between predefined constructs or variables† Glynis et al., (1995, p. 5). It enacts a systematic approach to social work processes. The problem with choosing a particular context is that, while no particular theory is essentially comprehensive; objectively applied, any theory can be contextually pertinent. However, Payne, (1997, p. 36) argues that theories are most adequate when combined and that in isolation, Indeed in present-day complex and dynamic society possessing comparable diversity in its social problems, theory triangulation (combining theories) is crucial to better understand, analyse and address the multitudes of interrelated problems that is ‘social work’. 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